COMPLETED ACTIONS/ HABITS IN THE PAST

PAST SIMPLE

• Ø Regular: -ed or

-d if verbs end in e. Verbs ending in y turn into –ied

Verbs ending  with a vowel and a consonnant couble the consonant (tted)

• Irregular: learn the list of the verbs that in fact don’t change (AAA)…and those which change (ABB) and finally make your own list
• Ago, last (week, month), at (specific time), on (a day), for, once, at a given time.
• Used to

THE LINE OF SEPARATION BETWEEN PAST AND PRESENT IS DIFFERENT IN ENGLISH: ACTIONS STARTED IN THE PAST AND STILL AFFECTING OUR PRESENT ARE CALLED THE PERFECT PRESENT…OR THE PRESENT PERFECT IN GRAMMAR.

PAST EVENTS AFFECTING THE PRESENT STATE/ EXPERIENCE/ INDEFINITE PAST EVENTS

PRESENT PERFECT EVENTS STILL IN PROGRESS/ EVENTS DURATION

• Ø I have just closed the door (=I still can hear the noise of the door closing)

Have you ever lived in Poland?

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

• I’ve been living in this flat for  5 years.

Have+past participle

• Adverbs:

Ever/never

Just

Yet

Already

So far

For and since

• Time expressions:

For ages,

For

Since

Lately,

Recently

All day

All morning

GENERAL, ROUTINE

PRESENT SIMPLE

• Frequency adverbs

Never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Usually

Always

• · State verbs

To be, to exist, to live

Senses (to look like, to taste, to see, to hear)

Feelings (to love, hate, prefer, like)

Possession (to own, have, belong to)

To cost, to mean, to need

S at the third person singular (modals are the exception)

AT THIS VERY MOMENT/FIXED PLANS OR INTENTIONS/NEAR FUTURE

Here again, the line between present and future is blurred…

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

• · either with be +v-continuous , going to+v-continuous

or

• · will be+verb continuous (to compare the present situation to a future one or to mark how sure we are)

• · time clauses:

when

before

unless

in case

as soon as

until

I am reading my teacher’s blog right now.

PREDICTION/GUESS IN THE FUTURE

FUTURE

Will+V (no to)

click on the link if this is unclear….and let me know!